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• Describe or solve an algorithm in a formal manner. That is, write a proof, justify why it works, or its time complexity. This is rarely, needed, but having the ability to be able to read, understand, and sometimes derive these is important

• There is a lot of cool techniques in papers, or tiny blogs, or GDC slides describing the applications from industry / academia

• Multiple languages (including ones you would not think relevant). (C, Lisp, Prolog, Python, assembler, C++, and Smalltalk)

• Multiple AI concepts

• Deep explanation of the electrical part of computer (how the processor, the ram, the buses works with diagrams)

• How to write a compiler (C) and an interpreter (Lisp)

• Parallelism (not only multithreading but work on multiple machines in a network)

• Networking concepts thoroughly

• All the rather boring parts you would not spend too much time on your own but are actually useful (Data Structures, Big O notation)

• Algorithms: Backtracking, width vs depth search and A*-style stuff, ordering algorithms, etc

• Algorithm complexity (O(1), O(n), and the like), to understand why your stuff goes SO slowly

• Design Patterns: They’re a must in OOP

• Graph Theory may be handy in very specific situations. Also a decent knowledge in maths doesn’t hurt

• Cryptography: The most obvious. Also it doesn’t hurt to know what a hashing function is, specially because you may use hash tables

• Machine code and how everything works underneath the surface, the stack, local variables, dynamic memory allocation, etc

• Graduate level statistics, machine learning algorithms, deep learning and a lot more. Theory heavy stuff

Key Points

• Embedded Systems

• Networking

• Big Data

• Debugging

• Mobile Application Development

• Game Development

• Web Development

• Reading Research Papers

• Good Math (linear algebra, vectors, calculus, graph theory)

• Cryptography

• Low Level Mechanics (stack, local variables, dynamic memory allocation)

• Design Patterns/Design AntiPatterns

• Data Engineering

• Scientific computing

• Low level networking

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